List of words derived from toponyms
This is a list of words derived from toponyms, followed by the place name it is derived from.
General
- bangalored — after the [city Bangalore,India], used often in US when they lose a job due to outsourcing from Bangalore, first time use by the magazine "The Economist" ,usage: He is sulking today because he got bangalored [7]
- Bedford cord, a heavy fabric with a ribbed weave similar to corduroy; named after either Bedford, England[8] or possibly New Bedford, Massachusetts.[9]
- Bedlam — meaning pandemonium, after popular name/pronunciation of St Mary of Bethlehem, London's first psychiatric hospital [10][11]
- Bedlington terrier, a breed of dog, after Bedlington, UK
- bikini — two-piece bathing suit for women, after Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands where atomic bombs were tested in 1946; supposedly analogous to the "explosive" effect on the male libido.[12][13]
- the Blarney and Blarney Stone — Blarney Castle
- Boeotian, an ancient Greek term for a fool, after the Boeotian people
- bohemian — term referring to artists, writers, and other people who wished to live an unconventional, vagabond, or "gypsy" lifestyle; from Bohemia, where "gypsies" were erroneously thought to originate.[14][15] See also gypsy, below.
- Bronx cheer — a noise made by the mouth to signify derision; after The Bronx, a borough of New York City[16]
- brummagem — goods of shoddy quality; from a local pronunciation of Birmingham, city in the United Kingdom[17]
- bungalow — a low building or house, from a Gujarati word meaning "Bengalese", used elliptically to mean a house built in the style of Bengal[18]
- Damask — material, from Damascus
- Byzantine, used to describe any work, law, or organization that is excessively complex or difficult to understand, named after Byzantine Empire
- calico — a type of cloth named after Calicut, where Europeans first obtained it.[19] Calico cat and calico horse are derived from the appearance of their mottled coat suggesting calico cloth.
- canary — a small yellow bird, originating on and named after the Canary Islands, specifically the largest island, Gran Canaria, called in Latin Insula Canaria, "island of dogs", after the wild native dogs found there.[20]
- Caucasian — name for the "white race", coined by anthropologist Johann Blumenbach after Caucasus Mountains, their supposed ancestral homeland.[21]
- chautauqua — a form of local fair, after Chautauqua, New York, where the first one was held [22]
- Chicago Typewriter, a nickname for the Thompson submachine gun
- china — originally chinaware, as in "wares from China"[23]
- Chinese wall, artificial organizational barrier, derived from Great Wall of China
- coach — a type of carriage, ultimately from Hungarian kocsi (szekér) or "carriage of Kocs", where this vehicle was first made.[24]
- Coventry (in the construction "Send to Coventry"): shunned by friends and family, after the treatment of Royalist prisoners during the English Civil War
- denim — a coarse cotton fabric, from French serge de Nîmes, or "serge of Nîmes", where the cloth originated.[25]
- dollar — a unit of currency, originally from the German taler, an abbreviation of Joachimstaler ("gulden of Joachimstal"), a coin minted (1519) from silver mined near Joachimsthal, Bohemia[26]
- donnybrook — colloquial term for a brawl or fracas, derived from Donnybrook Fair, an annual horse fair in the Dublin suburb notorious for fighting and drunkenness.[27]
- doolally or dolally — an adjective meaning "mad" or "eccentric" (e.g. "to go dolally"), ultimately named after Deolali, a hill station near Nashik in colonial India, referring to the apparent madness of men waiting to return to Britain after their tour of duty.[28]
- duffel or duffle — heavy woollen cloth, hence duffel coat and duffel bag; after Duffel, a town in Belgium where it was first made [29]
- Dunkirk spirit, after the evacuation of Dunkirk in World War II
- Fez, (also called tarboosh), a hat — Fez, a city in Morocco
- Finlandization, the influence a large country can have on a smaller one, after Finland
- Glasgow kiss, a slang term meaning headbutt — Glasgow, Scotland
- Greek, not understandable ("all Greek to me") — Greek language of Greece
- Gypsies, nomadic peoples in Europe and United States — Egypt
- Habanera — a musical style named after Havana, Cuba
- Havana, cigar — from capital of Cuba
- Honiton, a form of lace, after the town in Devon (England) where it is produced
- Holland, cotton or linen fabric — Holland
- iliad — a long narrative poem, or a series of woes, trials, etc.; both derive from the Homeric epic Iliad, literally meaning "of Ilium" (or Troy).[30]
- Indian, the aboriginal peoples of the New World, after India
- Jeans, denim trousers; Genoa.
- Jersey cattle (also tomato, milk, cream, jumper) — Jersey, one of the Channel Islands
- Labyrinth, maze, after a legendary structure on Crete
- Left Bank, style of life, fashion, or "look" — "Left Bank", bank of the Seine which is to the left, near Paris
- Lesbian, female homosexual — Lesbos, island in Greece
- Magenta, colour — named after Magenta, Lombardy
- Marathon, long race — Marathon, Greece, town
- Madras, lightweight cotton fabic — Madras, old name for Chennai, coastal city in southeastern India
- Manila envelopes, Manila fiber — Manila, city in Philippines
- Marseillaise, national anthem of France — Marseille, city in France
- Masada, a mass suicide when conditions are hopeless, after Masada, Israel
- Mausoleum, a large and impressive tomb — Mausoleum of Maussollos in Turkey
- Mecca, ultimate destination or activity center — Mecca, holy city in Saudi Arabia
- Mongoloid race — Mongolia, country in northern Asia
- Neanderthal man, known by his fossils — Neanderthal, Germany, valley where the fossils were found
- Olympics, worldwide games — Mount Olympus, tallest mountain in Greece
- Paisley (design), used in shawls — Paisley, Scotland
- Portland cement — named after the Isle of Portland, England
- the Rubicon, the point of no return — Rubicon (or Rubico), Latin name for a small river in northern Italy
- Rhode Island Red — Chicken named after Rhode Island
- Rugby football — Rugby School, in Rugby, Warwickshire, central England
- Shambhala
- Shanghaied — drugged and forced into service aboard a ship, from Shanghai, China.
- Siamese twins, conjoined twins — Siam, old name for Thailand
- Siberia, a remote undesirable location — Siberia, in eastern Russia
- Skid Row, originally Skid Road of Seattle, now the rundown area of a U.S. city
- Sodomy, forbidden sexual acts — Sodom, Biblical town on the plain of the Jordan River
- Solecism, incorrect or ungrammatical usage of language — Soli an ancient city in Cilicia, where a dialect of Greek regarded as substandard was spoken.
- Spa, place having water with health-giving properties — Spa, a municipality in Belgium
- Surrey, horse-drawn carriage — Surrey, southern England
- Timbuktu, metaphor for an exotic, distant land — Timbuktu, city on the Niger River in Mali, West Africa
- Trojan horse, malicious computer virus — Trojan Horse, of Troy, from the Iliad
- tuxedo, after Tuxedo Park, New York
- Xanadu, a symbol of opulence — Xanadu (or Shangdu), summer capital of Kublai Khan's empire
- Zion
Events/agreements
Industries and professions
- Bay Street — Canada's financial industry (similar to Wall Street), after Bay Street, the main street of Toronto's financial district
- Beltway — the pundits, political leaders, and opinion-makers of Washington, D.C., after the highway surrounding the city
- Broadway — musical theater, after Broadway, a street in New York City
- Detroit — the American automobile industry
- Fleet Street — the British press, after the London street that formerly housed many newspapers
- Hollywood — the American motion picture industry, after the district of Los Angeles, California, where many motion picture companies are headquartered
- K Street — lobbying industry working with the U.S. Federal government
- Madison Avenue — advertising industry, after Madison Avenue, a street in New York City where many advertising firms are headquartered
- Wall Street — U.S. financial services industry, after Wall Street, street in New York City where many financial services firms are headquartered
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Government agencies
Food and drink (other than cheese and wine)
- Anjou Pear — Anjou
- Bath bun — Bath, England
- Berliner (pastry), named after Berlin.
- Black Forest gateau, Black Forest cake, Schwarzwälder Kirschtorte — Black Forest (Schwarzwald), Germany
- Bombay duck, a kind of fish — Bombay, old name for Mumbai, coastal city in western India
- Brussels sprout
- Buffalo wings, named for Buffalo, New York, where they originated.
- Cantaloupe (also called rockmelon), a variety of melon — Cantalupo, multiple communes in Italy
- Cantonese chow/lo mein
- Cognac
- Coney Island hot dog — named after Coney Island, New York, but apparently invented in the Midwest of the USA.
- Cuban, sub sandwich in Florida — Cuba, country in the Caribbean
- Curaçao liqueur — Curaçao
- Danish, a sweet pastry — (in Denmark it is called wienerbrød, which means "bread from Vienna").
- Dijon, mustard named after the French city
- Dover sole — from Dover, England
- Eccles cake — from Eccles, Greater Manchester, England
- Frankfurter (or Wiener — from Vienna)
- Hamburger — Hamburg, Germany
- Hollandaise sauce — Holland
- Jaffa orange — Jaffa
- Jaffa Cakes
- Java, slang for coffee — from island in Indonesia
- Jerusalem artichoke — wrongly associated with Jerusalem
- Kiwifruit — from Kiwi, the national symbol of and a nickname for New Zealand.
- Lancashire hotpot — from Lancashire, England.
- Lemon & Paeroa — from mineral water springs at the New Zealand town of Paeroa
- Manhattan cocktail — Manhattan Club in New York City
- Martini — Martinez, California, where the precursor to the martini, the Martinez, was developed
- Mayonaisse — from Mahon, Menorca, Spain
- Mocha coffee, ice cream — Mocha, Yemen, place where the coffee is grown
- Peking Duck, a Chinese dish made of duck — Peking, old name for Beijing, China
- Pomfret Cakes — from Pontefract, Yorkshire, England
- Salisbury steak — Salisbury, England
- Sardine, types of small fish — Sardinia, island in the Mediterranean near Italy
- Seltzer (commercial name), Selters, Germany
- Shallot — Ashkelon
- Turkish Delight — Turkey
- Valencia orange — Valencia, Spain
- Welsh rarebit — A cheese and herb sauce drizzled over hot bread or toast; probably originating from Welsh peasants.
- Virginia peanut — Virginia
- Yorkshire puddings from Yorkshire
Note: Saskatoon, Saskatchewan is named after the local Saskatoon berry, rather than vice versa.
Cheese
- Ackawi
- American cheese, a common name for processed cheese.
- Asiago after Asiago, the plateau and town in northern Italy where it was first made
- Aveyron(nais)
- Caerphilly after Caerphilly, a town in Wales
- Camembert (cheese) after Camembert, Orne in France
- Cheddar after Cheddar in Somerset, England where it was originally made
- Cheshire after Cheshire, a county in England
- Colby after Colby, Wisconsin where it was first made
- Derby cheese after Derbyshire a county in central England
- Dubliner after Dublin, Ireland
- Edam after town of Edam in the Netherlands
- Emmental after Emmental, the name of a valley in Switzerland where it was originally made
- Double Gloucester cheese after Gloucester cattle, originally from Gloucester in England
- Gorgonzola after Gorgonzola, a village in northern Italy
- Gouda after the town Gouda in the Netherlands where originally made
- Gruyère after Gruyère, a district in Switzerland where first made
- Jarlsberg after the town Jarlsberg in Norway
- Lancashire cheese after Lancashire in England
- Lappi after Lapland region of Finland
- Leicester cheese after Leicester in England
- Limburger after Limburg, a former duchy of Lorraine
- Manchego after La Mancha Spain
- Monterey Jack, from Monterey, California (not Monterrey, Mexico)
- Morbier
- Munster after town Munster, Haut-Rhin in Alsace region of France
- Nablusi
- Neufchâtel, from Neufchâtel-en-Bray, the part of Normandie where it originates
- Oaxaca Oaxaca De Juarez, a state and city in Mexico
- Parmesan, from Parma, Italy
- Roma(no) after Rome, Italy
- Roquefort after a village in southern France
- Stilton after Stilton, a village in England where it was first sold
- Swiss after Switzerland
- Tilsit after a town in East Prussia (now Sovetsk, Russia) where it was first produced
- Wensleydale cheese after Wensleydale in North Yorkshire, England
Wine
Corporations
There are some corporations whose name is simply the same as their original location.
Elements
See: Chemical elements named after places
Musical genres
Derivations from literary or mythical places
- Cloud cuckoo land, an unrealistically idealistic state where everything is perfect, from The Birds by Aristophanes
- Eden, any paradisaical area, named after the religious Garden of Eden
- El Dorado, any area of great wealth, after the mythical city of gold
- hell, any horrible place, after the religious Hell
- Lilliputian, meaning very small in size — Lilliput, fictional island in the book Gulliver's Travels
- Munchkin, small children, dwarfs, or anything of diminutive stature — from the Munchkin country in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
- Never Never Land, a metaphor for eternal childhood, immortality, and escapism, from J.M.Barries's Peter Pan
- Shangri-La, a mythical utopia, a language usage — Shangri-La, fictional place in the novel Lost Horizon
- utopia, term for organized society — Utopia, fictional republic from the book of the same name
See also